![]() The Java Collections Framework ( JCF) is a set of classes and interfaces that implement commonly reusable collection data structures.Īlthough referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a library. Also, it tells you how to design new APIs so that they’ll interoperate seamlessly with other new APIs. Interoperability tells you how the Collections Framework interoperates with older APIs that predate the addition of Collections to Java. It’s easy with the JDK’s abstract collection implementations! With any luck you’ll never have to write your own sort routine again!Ĭustom Implementations tells you why you might want to write your own collection implementation (instead of using one of the general-purpose implementations provided by the JDK), and how you’d go about it. You’ll also learn about the wrapper implementations, which add functionality to general-purpose implementations.Īlgorithms describes the polymorphic algorithms provided by the JDK to operate on collections. Implementations describes the JDK’s general-purpose collection implementations and tells you when to use which implementation. You’ll also learn idioms for each interface that will help you get the most out of the interfaces.Īggregate Operations iterate over collections on your behalf, which enable you to write more concise and efficient code that process elements stored in collections. You’ll learn general guidelines for effective use of these interfaces, including when to use which interface. Interfaces describes the core collection interfaces, which are the heart and soul of the Java Collections Framework. You’ll learn about the core elements that comprise the Collections Framework: interfaces, implementations and algorithms. ![]() Introduction tells you what collections are, and how they’ll make your job easier and your programs better. You’ll learn about the core elements - interfaces, implementations, aggregate operations, and algorithms - that comprise the Java Collections Framework. Here, you will learn what collections are and how they can make your job easier and programs better. Same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.This section describes the Java Collections Framework. Specified by: toArray in interface Collection Specified by: toArray in interface List Type Parameters: T - the runtime type of the array to contain the collection Parameters: a - the array into which the elements of the list are toīe stored, if it is big enough otherwise, a new array of the Note that toArray(new Object) is identical in function to The following code can be used to dump the list into a newly Suppose x is a list known to contain only strings. Under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs. Precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, Like the toArray() method, this method acts as bridge betweenĪrray-based and collection-based APIs. List only if the caller knows that this list does not contain (This is useful in determining the length of this The array immediately following the end of the list is set to (i.e., the array has more elements than this list), the element in If this list fits in the specified array with room to spare Otherwise, a newĪrray is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and In the specified array, it is returned therein. The returned array is that of the specified array. Proper sequence (from first to last element) the runtime type of Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in The CopyOnWriteArrayList in another thread. Memory consistency effects: As with other concurrentĬollections, actions in a thread prior to placing an object into aĪctions subsequent to the access or removal of that element from ![]() These methods throwĪll elements are permitted, including null. Operations on iterators themselves ( remove, set, andĪdd) are not supported. The iterator will not reflect additions, removals, or changes to Guaranteed not to throw ConcurrentModificationException. Iterator, so interference is impossible and the iterator is This array never changes during the lifetime of the Reference to the state of the array at the point that the iterator The "snapshot" style iterator method uses a Synchronize traversals, yet need to preclude interference amongĬoncurrent threads. Mutations, and is useful when you cannot or don't want to Than alternatives when traversal operations vastly outnumber This is ordinarily too costly, but may be more efficient Making a fresh copy of the underlying array. Operations ( add, set, and so on) are implemented by A thread-safe variant of ArrayList in which all mutative
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